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Veterinary education is the tertiary education of veterinarians. To become a veterinarian one must first complete a veterinary degree (i.e.: DVM, VMD, BVS, BVSc, BVMS, BVM, cand.med.vet, etc.) Many veterinary schools outside North America use the title "Faculty of Veterinary Science" rather than "college of veterinary medicine" or "school of veterinary medicine," and some veterinary schools (particularly those in China, Japan and South Korea) use the term "department" rather than college or school,〔("AVMA-Listed Veterinary Colleges of the World." Educational Commission for Foreign Veterinary Graduates/American Veterinary Medical Association. June 5, 2008. ) Accessed December 4, 2012.〕 such as the DVM degree-awarding Department of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry at Guangxi University in China, or the Department of Veterinary Medicine at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology. Veterinary schools are distinct to departments of animal science, which usually offer a pre-veterinary school curriculum, teach the biomedical sciences (usually resulting in a Bachelor of Science degree or the equivalent), and provide graduate veterinary education in disciplines such as microbiology, virology, and molecular biology. ==Degrees== There are several types of degrees that aspiring vets can earn; these differ according to country and may involve undergraduate or graduate education.〔 For example, in the United States, schools award the Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree (DVM),〔The School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania awards the Veterinariae Medicinae Doctoris (VMD) degree, which is the same as the D.V.M. degree. See: ("Education and Training." University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine. 2008. ) Accessed July 26, 2008.〕 and the same degree is awarded in Bangladesh, Canada, Ethiopia, Hungary, Iran, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, South Korea, Thailand, Tobago and Trinidad.〔 Many countries offer a degree equivalent to the North American DVM. In the United Kingdom, and in many countries which have adopted the undergraduate system of higher education in which a bachelor's degree is equivalent to a DVM (albeit after five or six years of study, not four. In the United States the 4 year DVM degree is earned following a 4-year undergraduate degree totaling 8 years of study after high school), an appropriate degree is conferred ( Bachelor of Veterinary Science, Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine, Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery etc.).〔("Universities, Institutions, Colleges and Schools Awarding Veterinary Degrees." Vets-Net.com. September 15, 2007. ) Accessed July 26, 2008.〕 In Ireland, the Veterinary Medicine Programme at the University College Dublin awards the Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine (MVB)〔("Veterinary Medicine." UCD Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Programme Office. No date. ) Accessed July 26, 2008.〕 At the University of Edinburgh, the degree is the Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery (BVM&S).〔Pettigrew, G. "The BVM and S at the University of Edinburgh." ''Journal of Veterinary Medical Education.'' Fall 2003.〕 Some veterinary schools, however, offer a degree which enables the recipient to practice veterinary medicine in the home country but which does not permit the individual to sit for a licensure exam in another nation. For example, veterinary schools in Afghanistan only offer the Bachelor of Science (BS) degree.〔 Ethiopia awards the Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree, but the degree is not recognized in the US or Western Europe due to the low quality of education provided by Ethiopian veterinary schools.〔Mayen, Friederike. "A Status Report of Veterinary Education in Ethiopia: Perceived Needs, Past History, Recent Changes, and Current and Future Concerns." ''Journal of Veterinary Medical Education.'' Summer 2006.〕 About 50% of Veterinarians own their own businesses as soon as they graduate from school. Nearly every country in the world requires an individual with a veterinary degree to be licensed prior to practicing in the profession. Most countries require a non-national who holds a veterinary degree to pass a separate licensure exam for foreign graduates prior to practicing veterinary medicine. In the US, for example, the Educational Commission for Foreign Veterinary Graduates (ECFVG) administers a four-step examination which is accepted by all American state and territorial veterinary licensing boards, the US federal government, and the District of Columbia.〔(Educational Commission for Foreign Veterinary Graduates. AVMA.org. 2008. ) Accessed July 26, 2008.〕 In Europe, the European Parliament, which has some jurisdiction over the member states of the European Union (EU), issued a directive on September 30, 2005, which provides for EU-wide standards for veterinary medical education and mutual recognition of veterinary degrees between member states meeting these standards.〔("Directive 2005/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 September 2005 on the recognition of professional qualifications (Text with EEA relevance)." ''Official Journal.'' L 255, September 30, 2005. ) Accessed July 26, 2008; for a list of national licensing bodies in EU member states, see: ("Competent Authorities and Information Centres in the European Union (Articles 2, 3 and 14.1 of Directive 78/1026/EEC; Article 1 of Directive 75/1027/EEC; Article 56.3 of Directive 2005/36/EC) - VETERINARY SURGEONS." Federation of Veterinarians of Europe. March 18, 2008. ) Accessed July 26, 2008.〕 Licensure requirements are diverse, however. In South Africa, the ''Veterinary and Para-Veterinary Professions Act, Act 19 of 1982'' provides for automatic licensure if an individual has graduated from one of several universities in South Africa, New Zealand, or the United Kingdom (as of 2008, these include the University of Pretoria, Medical University of South Africa, Massey University, University of Bristol, University of Cambridge, University of Edinburgh, University of Glasgow, University of Liverpool, and the University of London) or has passed the veterinary licensure examination administered by the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons. All other persons are required to pass an examination and register with the South African Veterinary Council.〔("Automatic registration: Registration with the South African Veterinary Council." South African Veterinary Council. No date. ) Accessed July 26, 2008.〕 India has a similar system in which degrees awarded by certain schools are "deemed" to automatically qualify an individual to practice veterinary medicine, but has forgone an exam in favor of state tribunals which investigate credentials and can add a veterinarian to the register of licensed practitioners.〔("IVC Act: IVC Acts & Rules." Veterinary Council of India. No date. ) Accessed July 26, 2008.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Veterinary education」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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